There are many unique biological characteristics in a person, including fingerprints, irises, palm prints, etc. Due to their uniqueness and convenience, fingerprints have been widely used in attendance machines, access control, smart phones, etc. Gradually extend to emerging industries such as smart door locks.
Technical principle
Fingerprint recognition refers to the identification by comparing the detailed feature points of different fingerprints. Fingerprint recognition technology involves image processing, pattern recognition, computer vision, mathematical morphology, wavelet analysis and many other disciplines. Because each person's fingerprint is different, there is a clear difference between the fingers of the same person, so the fingerprint can be used for identification. Since the orientation of each print is not exactly the same, the different points of force will bring about different degrees of deformation, and there are a lot of fuzzy fingerprints. How to correctly extract features and achieve correct matching is the key to fingerprint recognition technology.
Three ways of fingerprint recognition acquisition technology
One of the most important indicators of fingerprint recognition technology is accuracy. The core of improving fingerprint recognition accuracy is whether fingerprint images can be collected more accurately and efficiently (of course, it can be improved by later algorithms, but the effect of promotion is limited). At present, there are three main methods for fingerprint recognition and acquisition technology: optical recognition, capacitive sensor recognition, and bio-radio frequency identification.
1, optical recognition
Optical recognition is a relatively early application of fingerprint recognition technology. For example, many of the previous attendance machines and access control use optical fingerprint recognition technology. Mainly by using the principle of folding and reflection of light, the finger is placed on the optical lens, the finger is illuminated by the built-in light source, the light is emitted from the bottom toward the prism, and the prism is emitted through the prism, and the emitted light is uneven on the surface of the finger. The angle of the upper refraction and the brightness of the reflected light will be different. Projecting it onto a CMOS or CCD on a charge-coupled device with a prism, thereby forming a ridge line (a line with a certain width and direction in the fingerprint image) that is black, and the valley line (the recessed portion between the lines) is white. A multi-gray fingerprint image that can be processed by a fingerprint device algorithm. Then compare the database to see if it is consistent.
The disadvantage of optical recognition is that the fingerprint module of this type has certain requirements on the temperature and humidity of the use environment, and can only reach the skin layer of the skin, but can not reach the dermis layer, and is affected by the cleanness of the finger surface. If the user's finger is stuck with more dust or wet fingers, an identification error may occur. And easy to be fooled by fake fingerprints. For the user, it is not very safe and stable to use.
2, capacitive sensor
Capacitive fingerprint recognition uses an electric field between a silicon crystal cell and a conductive subcutaneous electrolyte to form an electric field. The fluctuation of the fingerprint causes a different change in the pressure difference between the two, thereby enabling accurate fingerprint measurement. This method has strong adaptability and no special requirements for the use environment. At the same time, the space occupied by silicon crystal elements and related sensing elements is within the acceptable range of mobile phone design, which makes the technology better promoted on the mobile phone side. .
At present, the capacitive fingerprint module is also divided into two types: scratch type and push type. Although the former takes up a small volume, it has a great disadvantage in terms of recognition rate and convenience. This also directly leads manufacturers to focus on the push-type (capacitance) fingerprint module with more random operation and higher recognition rate.
However, the clean requirements of the capacitive sensor for the finger are still relatively high (relative to the optical type), and the surface of the sensor is made of silicon, which is relatively easy to damage. Currently, capacitive fingerprint identification technology vendors mainly include Authentec (acquired by Apple), FingerPrintCardsAB (FPC), and Synaptics (acquired by Validity).
3. Bio-radio frequency identification
The RF sensor emits a small amount of RF signal through the sensor, which can penetrate the skin layer of the finger to obtain the texture of the inner layer to obtain information. For example, Qualcomm's Sense ID 3D ultrasonic fingerprinting technology released at MWC 2015 is one of the bio-radio frequency identification technologies.
Compared to the first two technologies, RF sensors require less cleanliness of the fingers and produce high quality images. In addition, since high-quality images can be collected, the sensor area can be reduced while ensuring a certain authentication reliability, thereby reducing a certain cost, and the RF sensor can be applied to various miniaturized mobile devices. However, since it is necessary to actively transmit signals, the power consumption is relatively high. In addition, there are relatively few vendors applying such technologies, so the overall cost is relatively high.
Global fingerprint identification chip makers
At present, foreign fingerprint identification manufacturers mainly include AuthenTec (acquired by Apple in 2012), FPC, Synaptics and other international major manufacturers, as well as Taiwanese manufacturers such as Aegis, Elan, Duntai and Maoming. There are more than ten enterprises including Huiding, Mindwei, Fei Engel, Xinyi, Xinqihang, Beite, Si Liwei, Ji Chuang North and BYD.
1, AuthenTec
Founded in 1998, AuthenTec has been the world's largest supplier of inductive fingerprinting sensors, and its fingerprint recognition component has been embedded in Windows notebooks for many years. In 2011, AuthenTec developed a new fingerprint recognition technology based on capacitance and radio frequency identification, called “TruePrintâ€. The patented TruePrint technology can read the active layer under the skin surface (where the human fingerprint is actually located). Extremely accurate and reliable fingerprint imaging.
Prior to being acquired by Apple in 2012, AuthenTec has become the world's leading supplier of fingerprint sensors and chips and modules, identification software and encryption security solutions with annual sales of $70 million and more than 200 patents and 230 patents. The company employs more than 35 million sensors worldwide, including Alcatel-Lucent, Cisco, HP, Samsung, Lenovo, LG, Motorola, Nokia and more.
In July 2012, Apple spent $356 million to acquire AuthenTec, and AuthenTec began to stop selling fingerprint chips to third parties. In 2013, Apple's iPhone5s Touch ID chip was the product of AuthenTec, which was well received by the market and set off a fingerprint identification boom. Subsequently, many of Apple's new products are equipped with AuthenTec fingerprint identification chip.
2, FPC (Fingerprint Cards)
FPC is a Swedish biometric sensor technology company that develops, manufactures and markets fingerprint identification technology and provides two types of fingerprint recognition sensors, touch and wipe. As early as 2013, FPC also began to enter the smartphone market. Thanks to AuthenTec's offering of products and technology to Apple alone, FPC became the leader of the non-Apple mobile phone camp.
China's first mobile phone with fingerprint recognition Konka K5, and South Korea's third-largest mobile phone supplier Pantech's 5.5-inch flagship and tablet PCs in 2016 are equipped with FPC scratch-type fingerprint sensors. In October 2013, Fujitsu of Japan released four Android smartphones and two Android tablets with FPC wipe fingerprint recognition sensors. In 2014, Huawei Mate 7 adopted the FPC touch fingerprint recognition sensor. Subsequently, domestic brands such as Xiaomi have begun to adopt FPC touch fingerprint recognition sensors.
FPC's technological competitive advantages include unique image quality, low power consumption and a complete biometric system, but its sensor price is not low. However, with the impact of many domestic fingerprint chip manufacturers (especially Huiding), the price of FPC is also falling.
3. Synaptics
Founded in 1986, Synaptics is a global leader in the design of electronic design automation (EDA) software tools. Since the acquisition of Validity by Synaptics in October 2013 for $255 million, Synaptics has been involved in the fingerprinting industry. However, its fingerprint recognition sensor was mainly based on scratch-type (sliding acquisition), and the scratch-type fingerprint recognition sensor on mobile phones such as Samsung Galaxy S5 and HTC One Max was provided by Synaptics. But the scratching experience is still worse than the push-type sensor.
In early 2015, Synaptics also introduced the use of Natural ID fingerprinting technology for high-end mobile devices. At present, Lenovo, ZTE, Gionee, Coolpad, etc. in China also use Synaptics' fingerprint recognition sensor.
On December 12, 2016, Synaptics announced that its third-generation Natural ID glass under-glass fingerprint sensor Natural ID FS4500 has been sampling since September. The biggest feature of the FS4500 is that it can scan fingerprints through glass or ceramic buttons. After mass production, mass production is expected to be realized in the fourth quarter of this year.
On December 13, Synaptics announced the industry's first Natural IDTM biometric authentication solution, the FS9100, for optical fingerprint sensors for smartphones and tablets. According to reports, the Natural ID FS9100 series of optical fingerprint sensors can achieve high-resolution scanning through a 1mm full cover glass, and a simple, button-free industrial design.
4, Qualcomm
At the 2015 MWC show, Qualcomm released Sense ID 3D ultrasonic fingerprinting technology. Compared to the pressed capacitive sensor, the 2D fingerprint image is captured, and the ultrasonic scan of the Sense ID can penetrate the outer skin of the finger, capturing unique features such as the fingerprint ridge and the sweat pore, thereby identifying the unique 3D feature of the user's fingerprint. This produces a fingerprint surface map that is rich in detail and difficult to copy.
Its biggest feature is that it does not require capacitive sensors or buttons, and can be hidden under a variety of material surfaces, such as glass, plastic and even metal. At the same time, the accuracy of scanning fingerprints is not affected by finger dirt, grease and sweat, which is not possible with Apple Touch ID.
At present, this technology has been used by many professional organizations and government departments. The Xiaomi 5S is equipped with Qualcomm's ultrasonic fingerprint recognition chip. However, Qualcomm's ultrasonic technology currently only supports the Qualcomm Xiaolong 800 series platform.
5, Duntai
As a leading company in the touch industry, Duntai entered the field of fingerprint identification very early, but it really started early, and it was a late episode. On September 24, 2014, Duntai cooperated with Norwegian fingerprint identification factory IDEX (IDEX focused on fingerprint identification technology development, with more than 200 patents, including patent cross-licensing with AuthenTec) to jointly develop slider-type fingerprint sensing. Device, grab the fingerprint identification market. At the end of 2014, Duntai officially released a complete fingerprint identification program. Then the smartphone based on the Duntai FT9200 fingerprint identification solution was officially launched in February 2015, but then Duntai's fingerprint business almost fell into stagnation. At present, the shipment of Duntai fingerprint chips is very small.
The main reason is that most of the backbone of the original fingerprint recognition technology team left. Some people followed Mo Lianghua (Dong Taiyuan, deputy general) to set up Xinyi Technology, and another group set up the core Qihang, both companies are positioned in the field of fingerprint identification.
6, Aegis
Aegis Co., Ltd. (EgisTec) is a leading chip supplier for fingerprint biometrics and data encryption systems in Taiwan, specializing in integrated system solutions designed with a focus on Senser performance and software availability. At the end of 2015, Aegis was listed in Taiwan. Aegis claimed to be the only passive fingerprint identification chip manufacturer in the world. Its products have been adopted by major international companies such as Samsung and domestic mobile phone brands such as ZTE. Aegis products have more than 60 patents in the world. There is no patent trouble in the world.
7. Elan Electronics
Founded in 1994, ELAN is an IC design company based in Taiwan, mainly engaged in research and development and marketing of integrated circuit products. In September 2001, ELAN was listed on the Taiwan centralized market.
Although ELAN Microelectronics began to officially deploy fingerprint recognition chips in 2014, ELAN has long studied fingerprint chips. Elan's first-generation fingerprint recognition chip is a large-size chip with a resolution of 176*176, which is mainly used for credit cards. Subsequently, the fingerprint recognition chip for mobile phones is its second-generation fingerprint identification chip, and in the second half of 2015. Mass production.
In terms of fingerprint chip production, ELAN is mainly handed over to Taiwan UMC and South Korea Magnachip, and the package is in Taiwan. However, due to production problems and fingerprint algorithms, Elan has not progressed as expected this year. The annual shipment will be about 3 million sets, which is lower than the original target of 5 million sets.
8, Huiding Technology
Since its establishment in 2002, Huiding Technology has focused on the field of human-computer interaction chip design. Since it entered the fingerprint identification market in 2013, it has invested a lot of money and manpower in this segment, plus behind MediaTek. Support, the development of Huiding is very fast, and it has made breakthroughs in technological innovation and market. It has become the only series in the industry that can provide coating, cover (glass, sapphire, ceramic), hidden (IFS), and live fingerprint detection. Chip company.
With its technical and cost advantages, Huiding's fingerprint identification products have successfully obtained Huawei, OPPO, vivo, LeTV, ZTE, Xiaomi, Meizu, Lenovo, Gionee, TCL, Amazon, Dell, HP, ASUS, acer, TOSHIBA, Panasonic, etc. Recognized by many well-known terminal manufacturers at home and abroad. Recently, Meizu's new flagship PRO 6 Plus also launched the live fingerprint identification chip of Huiding. Thanks to the adoption of many brand manufacturers, Huiding's fingerprint shipments in 2016 have experienced explosive growth.
In 2017, Huiding launched its fourth-generation live fingerprint test heart rate chip, which will support a 210μm thick cover, increasing the Sensor ratio to 70%, providing lower power consumption and faster unlocking speed. The fourth-generation fingerprint chip has been mass-produced in the first quarter of 2017. It has been applied by more than ten mobile phone manufacturers such as ZTE, Meizu, Jinli, LG, Huawei, ViV0, and oppo.
9. Feinger
Chengdu Feenger Technology Co., Ltd. was established at the end of 2012. It is an integrated circuit chip design company focusing on fingerprint recognition sensor chips, modules, algorithms and system products. In the early days, it mainly faced the fields of door locks, attendance, and banking. Subsequently, with the outbreak of the smartphone market, Feenger also began to enter the field of mobile phone fingerprint sensors. At the end of last year, its first fingerprint identification chip FPS1196 began to ship.
In 2016, Feenger released three fingerprint chips. FPS1098 is mainly for the coating scheme without metal ring. FPS1056 is mainly for front home button and side pressing scheme without metal ring. FPS1398 is mainly for ceramic, glass and other cover solutions. Subsequent Feinger introduced a more cost-effective 96×96 pixels sensor array, which does not require a metal ring coating solution FPS998, and this product subsequently became the main product of Feinger's shipment.
It is worth mentioning that Hua Hong Group is the major shareholder of Fei Engel. At present, all the fingerprint chip products of Feinger are produced by Hua Hong Hongli, the independent Foundry factory of Hua Hong Group, and the product pass rate can reach 98%, so this makes Feinger's fingerprint identification chip has a good guarantee of quality and productivity. In addition, in the fingerprint algorithm, Feenger is also a unique algorithm for autonomy, and can even adapt to a sensor array of 56 × 56 pixels.
Because of the advantages in product quality, capacity, architecture, algorithms, and cost performance, this also made Feienger's fingerprint identification products quickly achieved good results in the market. Since Fei Engel is still in the low-end white-label market, many people may not pay much attention to it. In fact, Fei Engel has already produced a lot of goods. According to Core Intelligence, although the Feienger fingerprint identification chip began to produce large cargo in July this year, the shipment volume has grown rapidly, and its monthly shipment has reached 500,000.
10. Mindray
Founded in 2014, Suzhou Mindray Microelectronics Co., Ltd. is a company specializing in design and application solutions for semiconductor fingerprint sensors. Guo Xiaochuan, who has been a vice president for 15 years by Zhongxing Wei, and Li Yangyuan, who has 10 years of experience in the field of fingerprint algorithms and chips, was co-founded.
Mindray initially achieved success in the fingerprint door lock market and accumulated a certain amount of experience and technology. Then, he began to actively invest in the development of miniature touch-sensitive fingerprint sensors and application solutions for smartphones. At the end of 2014, the “domestic iPhone 6â€, which attracted great attention on the Internet at the time, was based on Mindray’s fingerprint recognition chip, which reached a level similar to that of the iPhone 6 fingerprint recognition. At the same time, Mindray also adopted the "CQT" architecture fingerprint recognition implementation to avoid the hidden dangers of patents. This also makes Mindray's fingerprint recognition technology recognized by the industry.
In addition, Mindray's fingerprint recognition technology also has certain advantages in chip packaging and module manufacturing. Mindray Micro is the world's first supplier of fingerprint chips using TSV packaging technology. TSV packaging technology is currently a technology solution adopted by Apple Touch. The technology is mature, which can improve the productivity and yield of wafer level processing, and the cost is also very competitive.
At present, Mindray's main products are ceramics or sapphire and coating AFS120/AFS121 (can support no metal ring), which has certain advantages in terms of cost. This also makes Mindray get a lot of low-end market.
11, letterhead
Xinyi Technology was founded in 2015 by former Vice President of Duntai Technology, Mr. Mo Lianghua. At the beginning of the company's establishment, it was positioned in the field of fingerprint identification chips. At that time, many chip manufacturers have already entered this field. It is a recruit in the field of fingerprint identification chips, and is a latecomer, but the core R&D team of Xinyi Technology is a veteran in the chip field. Many core backbones have more than a decade of sensor and chip design experience. This also made the letterhead develop very quickly in a short time.
At present, the letterhead mainly has cover plate scheme SW9562N and Coating scheme SW9651/9661 which are suitable for glass, ceramics and sapphire. In addition, the letterhead also has the Underglass program SW9580, but it seems that it has not yet been mass-produced. The main product currently shipped is the SW9562N cover solution.
The fingerprint identification product of Xinyi is characterized by relatively strong performance. At present, Xinyi's fingerprint identification chip solution can penetrate 300 micron thickness.
In terms of production, Xinyi's fingerprint identification chip is produced in SMIC, and is packaged in a low-noise LGA package. The back-end test is handled by Ambow. Therefore, there is a certain guarantee in product quality.
12, the core set sail
Shenzhen Core Qihang Technology Co., Ltd. was established in July 2015 and is mainly engaged in the research, development and sales of biometric security chips. Products are mainly used in fingerprint payment security authentication, information security authentication and fingerprint access control. According to reports, Core Qihang currently has more than 50 patents for chip design, algorithm and packaging, including 20 invention patents.
At present, the core fingerprint identification products mainly include CS2511P and CS2816, which support the Coating scheme and the glass, sapphire and ceramic cover solutions respectively, which can achieve the unlocking speed of 120ms.
According to reports, Core Qihang fingerprint products have outstanding advantages in unlocking speed, cover penetration, low power consumption, safety indicators and ESD performance, especially the recently launched products are unlocked within 0.12s, the world's first unlocking speed. . With excellent and reliable product performance and comprehensive advantages, it has become one of the fingerprint chip suppliers of many well-known mobile phone brand manufacturers.
In terms of supply, Core Qihang said that it has reached a strategic cooperation agreement with the world's second largest wafer foundry, and the product supply is stable and guaranteed.
13. Bethle
Shenzhen Beitelai Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. was established in July 2011. It is a national high-tech innovative enterprise with high-end integrated circuit design. Focus on consumer electronics IC design in touch, AMOLED driver, fingerprint recognition and life-aware products. At present, it focuses on four products: touch IC, fingerprint recognition, life perception (wearable) and MCU.
In 2013, Beitelai began to develop fingerprint chips. It is an early launch of small face array fingerprint recognition sensors in China. In 2014, it began to ship sliding fingerprint recognition sensors. Subsequently, a pressure fingerprint identification chip was introduced. Since the yield of the cover solution is relatively low, this Betelley chose to push the coating solution.
In addition, Betteley has reached a deep strategic cooperation with Precise Biometrics (PB), a world-renowned fingerprint recognition algorithm manufacturer, to provide fast, accurate and secure user identity authentication.
According to reports, Beitlay's fingerprint chip adopts 0.18um digital-analog mixing process, in addition to being able to quickly unlock the screen, ultra-low power consumption, dry and wet finger adaptation, it also has a small area, simple process requirements, and relatively low cost. Low characteristics. In addition, Bethel fingerprint sensors integrate a variety of technologies, such as True-Print radio frequency identification technology, pixel self-correction technology. Through these new technologies, Bethle claims to achieve a finger recognition rate of up to 99.9%, eliminating fake fingers.
14, Sili Wei
Founded in January 2011, Shanghai Sili Microelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. is mainly engaged in the research and development of multi-touch sensors, fingerprint sensors, integrated circuit chips and products and related electronic components. As early as May 2014, Sili Micro launched the first push-type fingerprint recognition sensor GSL6162 and its integrated solution.
At present, Sili Wei already has a coating fingerprint identification scheme and a ceramic/glass/sapphire cover fingerprint identification scheme, but the main push is the coating fingerprint identification scheme on the back.
Thanks to the original accumulation of Sili Wei in the field of touch and the influence of its parent company Gege Micro in the field of cameras, many fingerprint module manufacturers have cooperated with Sili Micro (including Kyle Optoelectronics, Win-Win Xing, Helitai, Xinli, Sangle, Huatian Technology, Jinlong Electronics, Saihua, Shengtai Imaging, Kaimujin, Xinhongbo and other module manufacturers with more shipments).
15, Ji Chuang North
Founded in 2008, Beijing JiChuang North Technology Co., Ltd. is a chip design company specializing in flat display technology, covering all kinds of drivers and touch chips. Since 2015, JiChuang North has also entered the fingerprint identification market.
At present, the fingerprint recognition chip products of JiChuang North are fully covered, and can support various coating solutions such as coating and glass, ceramics and sapphire. The product has the technical advantages of low power consumption and complete functions. In addition, JiChuang North also plans to launch the Under glass solution.
In terms of algorithms, in March 2016, Ji Chuang North reached a cooperation agreement with Swedish fingerprint identification algorithm manufacturer PB. JiChuang North can use the full set of algorithms authorized by PB, with mature technology, high security and reliability, and no patent disputes.
16, BYD Microelectronics
Shenzhen BYD Microelectronics Co., Ltd. was established in 2004. At the beginning, it mainly undertakes the development of integrated circuit and power devices and the production of integrated wafer fabrication services. In 2014, the field of fingerprint identification chips began to be deployed.
In May 2015, BYD released three fingerprint identification chips for mobile phones: BF6611A, BF6621A and BF6631A. Among them, BF6611A is the cover solution, and BF6621A and BF6631A are the Coating program.
At the same time, in order to enter the field of fingerprint identification, BYD has applied for more than 90 related patents, of which 80% are invention patents. According to reports, BYD has its own core patent fingerprint identification algorithm. By constructing the algorithm architecture, optimizing the image processing details and comparison strategy, combined with its own sensor chip, the technical indicators have reached: the rejection rate is less than one percent, and the falsehood is false. The rate is less than one in 100,000, and the comparison time is less than 100 milliseconds.
At present, BYD's fingerprint detection scheme includes active and passive. In the passive detection scheme, it is also possible to completely eliminate the need for a metal ring in the application design. However, in terms of shipments, it is still relatively small.
17. Maoyu Technology
Founded in 2008, Taiwan's J-Metrics is engaged in the research and development of a variety of microcontrollers, fingerprint recognition sensors and related software, hardware and modules, as well as related derivative products. As early as August 2014, a new fingerprint recognition sensor based on active vertical RF technology was released.
According to reports, Maoming also has innovative technology of self-developed packaging materials and automatic image adjustment technology. The so-called packaging material innovation means that the general resin is relatively fragile, so the company adds some special materials to cure it, and at the same time fills the silica glass ball to make the chip firmly protected. The automatic image adjustment technology means that in the case of an active capacitive fingerprint recognition chip, the chip automatically adjusts when a dry finger is encountered, increasing the amount of charge emission, allowing the finger to carry more charge, and making the recognized image clearer; When the wet finger is recognized, the image is a black shadow. At this time, the chip automatically adjusts to reduce the amount of charge emission, resulting in a clearer image.
In addition, Mao has its own fingerprint identification algorithm, and also has strategic alliances with Elan Electronics, Xingyou, Duntai, Yingzhi, IDEX and other vendors. However, at present, Mao's domestic shipments seem to be very small.
18, the picture is positive
Founded in January 2013, Shanghai Tuzheng Information Technology Co., Ltd. is mainly engaged in technology development in the fields of information technology, biometrics technology, electronic technology, and system solutions. The company has a fingerprint identification brand, Belcek, which can provide fingerprint identification chips, fingerprint recognition algorithms, fingerprint recognition algorithm chips and fingerprint modules.
According to reports, Bellek began to work on fingerprint recognition algorithms since 1997. Subsequently, he provided the fingerprint identification technology application solution for TI FDK5515. It is the world's largest manufacturer of intelligent lock and security solutions, ASSA ABLOY, the world's largest manufacturer of padlocks and portable security products, MasterLock, and the country's three major smart door lock manufacturers. Yike Yu, the country's largest safe manufacturer, Ai Pei.
With the rapid growth of fingerprint recognition in the smartphone market, Tuzheng is also beginning to lay out the mobile fingerprint identification market. Currently there are Coating solutions and cover solutions, mainly for high-performance, low-cost markets.
It is understood that the fingerprint identification chip of Tuzheng is also completely self-designed, and is packaged in China by UMC.
In addition, the figure also provides the service of LOGO on the surface of the crystal garden (it is said that it is realized by optical method, which can make the fingerprint recognition module applied on the mobile phone directly display the customer LOGO, with transparent coating/glass), plus autonomy. The fingerprint algorithm still has certain characteristics.
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