(Original title: Five grand ideas that will shape this century)
Netease Technology News November 1 news, according to the BBC reported that asteroid mining, laboratory cultivation of meat, sea water refining of clean energy, driverless cars to reduce the number of deaths in traffic and blockchain technology to replace banks, these five science and technology will soon Change the world and it is faster than we think.
1. Meat production is more environmentally friendly
Future ecological burgers will grow in vats. Scientists can extract animal stem cells and provide them with nutrition until they grow into large enough tissues for human consumption. This is the technology behind the laboratory cultivation of meat, also known as "net meat." Although this may not sound appetizing, it is much more merciful than traditional livestock raising of meat. After all, animals do not need to be slaughtered.
Laboratory-cultivated meat also has a much smaller impact on the environment. The 2011 study calculated that using a cell to grow 1 kilogram of meat can reduce 200 times the land and about 30 times the consumption of fresh water, while also saving about half the energy compared to the 1 kilogram of beef that the beef cattle raised.
We may not need to wait too long. In 2013, at the press conference held in London, the first laboratory-developed hamburger in the world was cooked and eaten. Earlier this year, a U.S. start-up company announced that it had developed chicken and duck meat in the lab. The company also claims that the earliest 2018 will be to sell lab-grown meat products in stores. Expanding the scale of production is still a huge challenge, which is reflected in the remarkable cost. At present, chicken is raised in the laboratory up to 19,800 US dollars per kilogram, although this price is rapidly falling.
As animal husbandry production takes up 80% of the world's agricultural land, the next few decades will require less and less meat substitutes for R&D.
2. Driverless cars prevent 90% traffic accidents
The loss of life on the world’s road is staggering. According to the latest data, more than 1.2 million people died in traffic accidents in 2013, and 20 million people were injured. Nearly 40% of deaths occurred in China and India. Nine out of every 10 traffic accidents are caused by human error. This term covers everything from speeding to distraction.
Industry experts believe that switching to driverless vehicles can eliminate these traffic accidents and prevent 90% of traffic accident deaths. Using the 2013 data as a benchmark, this means saving 1.1 million lives every year. This will amount to a revolution in anti-smoking initiatives or vaccination in the public health field.
Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla Electric Vehicles, said that the first fully automated car will be developed in 2019. But others expect that driverless cars will not become a reality until 2026 or later. This may require a sufficient number of unmanned vehicles to get on the road in order to significantly reduce the accident rate.
However, these vehicles still cannot 100% ensure safety. They may be hacked or face extreme moral dilemmas such as being forced to choose between killing passengers and killing pedestrians. But we can be sure that these driverless cars will not play mobile phones when they are moving, they will not fight on the steering wheel, so you can do more freely. Musk said that in a few years, you can sleep in a driverless car without worrying about any harm.
3. Everyone can withdraw money online
Two billion adults do not have bank accounts because they have no banks available. They are either culturally excluded (especially women) or have too low income. Without access to finance, people will rely on cash, fail to save or invest effectively, and fall into the debt burden. Blockchain supporters believe that the solution to this problem is to completely forget the bank.
If anyone can use the Internet and mobile phones for P2P delivery, savings, and lending, the global economy will make a big difference. The cryptocurrency may become new cash. Low-income people can open small companies, apply for insurance, and can easily remit money abroad. As a technology behind Bitcoin, blockchains use distributed networks and cryptographic proofs to create secure, almost immutable digital records. Documents such as financial transactions, contracts, and verification of ownership can all be stored in the blockchain.
This technology is no longer used only in the financial sector. For example, blockchain can also help fight fraud and corruption by protecting electronic voting systems. Countries like Sweden and Georgia already use it to obtain government records and record land ownership. A 2015 McKinsey survey predicts that by 2023, the first government will use blockchain technology to collect taxes.
However, while blockchains are already in use, their wider application may severely damage existing industries in unpredictable ways. Whether this technology will help reduce poverty will depend on how it is introduced. If the poorest people in the world want any benefits, they need to go online first.
4. Obtain clean energy from seawater
The nuclear reaction can release a lot of energy. The fissile uranium is driving the operation of today's nuclear power plant, releasing 2.7 million times more energy per gram of uranium than coal. However, fission reactors also bring many hazards, such as radioactive waste, and the serious risk of nuclear reactor meltdown.
In contrast, fusion reactions are safe and produce almost no radioactive waste. The latter, the main waste produced by the latter, is a non-toxic gas and can be used on party balloons and Large Hadron Colliders. In addition, nuclear fusion fuels are easier to find, helium is abundant in seawater, and thorium can be made of lithium. In the fusion reaction, the energy generated per gram of these fuels is four times that of uranium fission and 11.3 million times that of burning coal. One gram of fusion fuel produces enough heat to allow the pool to boil.
The problem is that we still cannot allow nuclear fusion to work for us. Fusion reactions require continuous temperatures of millions of degrees Celsius. Research has been going on for decades, but by 2017, letting the fusion reaction continue requires more energy than letting it generate more energy. This means that it is not yet a viable way of generating electricity. There is an old joke that it takes only 30 years to generate electricity from nuclear fusion to become a reality, but it seems that for 30 years there will never be a beginning or an end.
However, this situation may change. In the past 20 years, important technological challenges have been solved, investment continues to flow into the field of nuclear fusion technology, and the almost endless attractive prospects for clean energy supply are tempting. In southern France, 35 countries are cooperating to build the world's largest tokamak (magnetic nuclear fusion device) with the goal of producing positive net energy for experimental purposes by 2025. However, it takes several years to use these energy sources to power our homes, cars and offices.
5. Exploitation of space resources
Asteroid mining sounds a bit like Star Trek, but several companies are taking it very seriously. These include Planetary Resources, which was founded in 2012. Its consultants include film director James Cameron and Google co-founder Larry Page.
Many of our asteroids in the solar system are rich in valuable minerals such as platinum and gold. They also have water on them, which can be used to make rocket fuel and fuel the future space community. Exploiting resources in space is a bold engineering feat. Visiting a small rocky body tens of millions of kilometers away from the earth, dispatching a landing robot to mine and transporting mineral deposits back to Earth is not only full of challenges, but also costly. On the most valuable asteroid, we first need to send small-scale exploration probes.
In a 2012 study by Caltech, it was estimated that the cost of capturing near-Earth asteroids with a weight of 500 tons and a diameter of 7 meters and bringing them back to the lunar orbit was about $2.6 billion. This is a lot of money, even an unimaginable number. The potential return is also astronomical. According to MIT's 2016 project plan, a 500-meter-diameter platinum-rich asteroid can provide platinum equivalent to 175 times the current global output, even exceeding the total reserves of platinum metals worldwide.
Mining asteroids may not be as far away as you might think. Chris Lewicki, chief executive of Planet Resources, predicts that we will start pumping water from asteroids in the mid-1920s, which is now less than a decade away. (small)
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