In recent years, driven by the "Industry 4.0" and "Made in China 2025" wave, intelligent manufacturing has become the breakthrough and main direction of innovation and innovation in manufacturing. As factors such as production, logistics, and information continue to become more intelligent, the entire manufacturing supply chain is moving toward a more intelligent direction, becoming an important engine for manufacturing enterprises to achieve intelligent manufacturing, and supporting enterprises to build core competitiveness.
Not long ago, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Guiding Opinions on Actively Promoting Supply Chain Innovation and Application" (hereinafter referred to as "Opinions"), and the policy slogan concerning the smart supply chain was formally formed. The "Opinions" clearly pointed out that by 2020, a number of new technologies and new models for supply chain development suitable for China's national conditions will be formed, and a smart supply chain system covering China's key industries will be formed. China will become an important center for global supply chain innovation and application. So, what kind of changes will the manufacturing industry bring to the manufacturing industry? In the context of smart manufacturing, what is the development trend of the smart supply chain ecology? How will logistics cut into the construction of smart supply chain and promote the upgrading of manufacturing enterprises and the entire supply chain?
According to the "Opinions", the supply chain is based on customer demand, with the goal of improving quality and efficiency, and integrating resources as a means to achieve efficient and coordinated organization of product design, procurement, production, sales and service.
Nowadays, the global economy has entered the era of supply chain, and the competition between enterprises and enterprises has begun to transform into the competition between the supply chain and the supply chain. In a smart manufacturing environment, creating a smart and efficient supply chain is the key to manufacturing companies gaining market advantage.
For the characteristics of manufacturing enterprise smart supply chain, Qiu Fusheng, the chief consultant of Shanghai Tianrui Logistics Consulting Co., Ltd., believes that in the era of intelligent manufacturing, smart supply chain has more market elements, technical elements and service elements than traditional supply chains. There are five salient features: First, focus on the overall situation, pay attention to system optimization and the performance of the entire supply chain, emphasizing “to move the whole bodyâ€; second, emphasizing information sharing and collaboration with customers and suppliers to truly achieve the demand Perceived to form a demand plan, focusing on the end-to-end integration of vertical processes, and on the basis of this, forming a smart supply chain; third, paying more attention to improving the accuracy and effectiveness of customer service satisfaction, and promoting iterative upgrade of products and services; More emphasis is placed on the platform function of the manufacturing enterprise as the entry point, involving product life cycle, market, supplier, factory building, process, information and other aspects; fifth is to focus on lean manufacturing based on the full value chain, starting from lean production, To drive lean logistics, lean procurement, and lean distribution. In short, the smart supply chain is no longer a person or a department of a certain company is thinking, but the entire supply chain is thinking.
Regarding the impact of the smart supply chain on manufacturing companies, Zhang Jin, chairman of the Board of Directors of Cedar Holdings Group, also has a deep understanding. In his view, with the development of intelligent manufacturing and information technology, the supply chain has entered a new stage of intelligent supply chain that is deeply integrated with the Internet of Things, which will fundamentally change the operation mode of manufacturing enterprises and promote the restructuring of the entire manufacturing industry. With iteration. “In the traditional supply chain, mutually separated business flows, information flows and capital flows have been reconnected by Internet technologies, laying the foundation for modern supply chain management. In recent years, with the widespread adoption of new generation IoT technologies, The rapid development of artificial intelligence, industrial robots, cloud computing and other technologies, the four streams of business flow, information flow, capital flow and logistics can be connected efficiently, and the traditional supply chain is further developed into a new stage of intelligent supply chain. Intelligent supply chain and production Manufacturing companies' production systems are connected, providing intelligent virtual warehouses and precise logistics distribution through supply chain services. Manufacturers can focus on manufacturing and no longer need physical warehouses, which will fundamentally change the manufacturing process and improve management and production efficiency. Zhang Jin said.
In the intelligent manufacturing environment, as an indispensable part of the smart supply chain, intelligent logistics is becoming a new development direction of manufacturing logistics. That is, through the Internet and the Internet of Things, the integration of logistics resources, and ultimately the direct connection between producers and consumers. The "2016 Smart Manufacturing Integrated Standardization and New Model Operation Project Guide" was introduced. For the first time, "Intelligent Logistics and Warehousing System" was one of the five core intelligent manufacturing equipments. Intelligent logistics was given a more important mission. So, what new requirements does smart manufacturing put on the logistics system under the new situation?
Intelligentization is the most prominent feature of intelligent logistics systems. Different from the automated logistics system that people often say, the intelligent logistics system is not limited to the automation of single operations such as storage, transportation, sorting, etc., but a large number of applications such as robots, laser scanners, RFID, MES, WMS and other intelligence. Equipment and software, integrated with Internet of Things technology, artificial intelligence technology, computer technology, information technology, etc., to achieve automation and intelligence of the entire logistics process, and thus achieve an effective integration of intelligent manufacturing and intelligent logistics.
2. Full process digitization
Within the framework of intelligent manufacturing, the intelligent logistics system can intelligently connect all the logistics processes inside and outside the manufacturing enterprise to realize the full transparent real-time control of the logistics network. The key to achieving this goal is digitalization. Only by digitizing the entire process can the logistics system have an intelligent function.
Yin Junqi, president of Beijing Wuqiang Technology Co., Ltd., said that personalization, high-end, participation and quick response are important features of logistics under the background of Industry 4.0. The future development direction of logistics is intelligent, connected, transparent, fast and effective, and the realization of all logistics activities requires the digitalization of the whole process. In this process, the application of big data and cloud computing technology will play an important role.
Intelligent manufacturing also puts more demands on the logistics information system: on the one hand, the logistics information system should be interconnected with more equipment and more systems, such as the seamless connection between the WMS system and the MES system. To ensure the smooth flow of the supply chain; on the other hand, the logistics information system needs more relying on the Internet, CPS (information physics system), artificial intelligence, big data and other technologies to achieve full transparency and real-time control of the network to ensure data security and accuracy. To make the entire intelligent logistics system work properly.
4. Networked layout The networkization mentioned here mainly emphasizes the seamless connection of various logistics resources in the logistics system, and the intelligentization of the whole process from the start of raw materials to the final delivery of products to customers.
Fang Dianjun, chief scientist of the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany, believes that the various devices in the intelligent logistics system are no longer operated separately and isolated. They are intelligently connected through the Internet of Things and Internet technology to form a comprehensive The mesh structure enables rapid information exchange and autonomous decision making. Such a mesh structure not only ensures high efficiency and transparency of the entire system, but also maximizes the role of each device.
Another important feature for intelligent manufacturing is "mass customization", which means that the user decides what to produce and how much to produce. The highly personalized customer needs, the continuous shortening of product innovation cycles and the accelerating production cycle are the challenges that intelligent logistics systems must meet. Therefore, the intelligent logistics system needs to ensure the highly flexible production of the manufacturing enterprises, flexibly adjust the production according to changes in the market and the individual needs of consumers, improve efficiency, and reduce costs.
Third, the current challenges and future path of smart supply chain construction With the launch of the "Made in China 2025" strategy and related supporting policies, China's manufacturing industry is accelerating the transformation and upgrading to smart manufacturing, and the construction of smart supply chain has become an inevitable trend of upgrading the manufacturing industry. Leading companies in many industries, such as automobiles and home appliances, are striving to build a smart supply chain ecosystem in the transition from “manufacturing†to “intelligenceâ€.
However, at present, from the overall situation of the construction of China's manufacturing industry supply chain system, the lack of understanding of the smart supply chain, the lack of smart supply chain strategy, the low level of logistics informationization, the existence of a large number of information islands, the lack of professional talents, etc. are still very prominent. . Only by solving these problems can we effectively accelerate the construction of a smart supply chain system and promote the intelligent manufacturing as soon as possible.
Compared with developed countries, the construction of supply chain system in China's manufacturing industry is still in the exploratory stage, and the foundation is weak. At the same time, the vast majority of enterprises do not have a deep understanding of the nature of the supply chain. They only know that smart manufacturing is a general trend, but they do not know why. Do, do not know how to land, let alone cut from the perspective of smart supply chain. Without a smart supply chain strategy and no clear direction of value guidance, China's manufacturing companies are facing difficulties in smart manufacturing.
Therefore, in the face of intelligent manufacturing, manufacturing companies need to deepen their understanding of the smart supply chain, develop a smart supply chain development strategy, and clarify the direction of personalized supply chain development, such as intelligent level, customer service response level, product flow efficiency, etc. Leading the production of enterprises to intelligent iterative upgrades to ensure the realization of business development goals.
Facing intelligent manufacturing, the intelligent logistics system under the entire smart supply chain system should be a close combination of intelligent logistics equipment, information systems and production processes, manufacturing technology and equipment. However, at present, the construction of logistics systems of manufacturing enterprises lags behind the construction of production equipment. The logistics operations are still in the stage of manual or mechanization. The level of logistics informationization is not high, and there is still a long way to go from logistics automation and intelligence.
Faced with these circumstances, manufacturing companies need to continuously strengthen the construction of intelligent logistics systems, strengthen the application of Internet of Things technology, artificial intelligence technology, information technology and big data, cloud computing and other technologies in the logistics system, improve the level of logistics information, and realize the entire logistics. The automation and intelligence of the process provides strong support for intelligent manufacturing and intelligent supply chain construction.
The construction of smart supply chain is also inseparable from the synergy between upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain. At present, manufacturing companies should integrate information computing and manufacturing technologies such as the Internet of Things and cloud computing to build a smart supply chain platform, and realize the whole system, life cycle and all-round linkage with the hardware and software manufacturing resources of upstream and downstream enterprises. The integration and sharing of people, machines, materials and information will eventually form a smart supply chain ecosystem.
4. Introduce and cultivate professional supply chain talents Professional supply chain talent is the key to intelligent manufacturing and intelligent supply chain system construction. However, at present, most manufacturing companies do not pay attention to the training of supply chain talents, and it is difficult to have sufficient professionals.
In the future, the construction of the supply chain system of enterprises should focus on the talent construction. On the one hand, the existing employees will be trained to master the methods and knowledge of the modern supply chain system construction, and provide guarantee for the construction of the supply chain system; On the one hand, it is necessary to carry out in-depth cooperation with universities and research institutes to form a talent cultivation and introduction model for the integration of production, education and research, and to inject fresh blood into the construction of a smart supply chain system.
In short, smart manufacturing requires more intelligent capabilities in the manufacturing supply chain and smarter demand for logistics systems in the supply chain system. Under this general trend, manufacturing companies need to cooperate with the upstream and downstream of the supply chain to strengthen interconnection, accelerate the pace of smart supply chain construction, continuously improve the enterprise's intelligent logistics system, and effectively promote the transformation and upgrading of Chinese manufacturing to intelligent manufacturing.
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