Everyone knows that the iPhone X is Apple's first mobile phone with an OLED screen, and the screen of this phone is provided by Apple's competitor Samsung. However, this situation may change in the future. It is understood that Apple will design and produce its own display, which uses a facility near California to produce a small number of screens for testing. Apple is investing in the next-generation MicroLED display, the secret project code T159.
The person familiar with the matter said that Apple has a secret manufacturing facility near the company's California headquarters, which is currently producing small-scale screens for testing purposes. Apple is investing heavily in the development of next-generation MicroLED displays. Compared with current OLED screens, MicroLED is expected to make future electronic devices slimmer, clearer and more energy efficient.
According to people familiar with the matter, the production of such a screen is much more difficult than the OLED display. About a year ago, Apple almost gave up the project. But then, the engineers made significant progress and put the project into the later stages. Even so, people may have to wait a few years to see Apple's research and development.
Last November, it was reported that Apple is designing its own iPhone power management chip, which will be launched as early as 2018. According to the report, "According to Apple's current plan, about 50% of iPhone power management chips will use their own products from 2018." Moreover, the plan was confirmed by the supplier Dialog.
In addition to the power management chip, Apple is still developing its own GPU chip. Apple GPU chip supplier Imagination Technologies said in April that it had received an announcement from Apple that it was developing its own GPU and wanted to have more control over its products. To this end, Apple will stop using Imagination Technologies' GPU technology and terminate the royalty payment.
In September last year, foreign media also quoted many insiders as saying that Apple plans to develop its own processor for Mac notebooks to replace the current Intel processors.
In addition, Apple announced in December that it will invest $390 million in iPhone X laser chip supplier Finisar.
This year, 2 reports that Apple is negotiating with miners and hopes to purchase the “cobalt†core material for iPhone batteries directly from miners to ensure an adequate supply of such battery materials.
According to industry insiders, the purpose of Apple's move is obvious, mainly to reduce the dependence on Samsung's screen. Currently, Apple's electronic products mainly use Samsung's screen. In order to control its products to a greater extent, Apple has been investing in new areas in recent years to reduce its reliance on component manufacturers.
But an Apple spokesperson declined to comment.
Smartphones and other gadgets now basically use off-the-shelf display technology. The Apple Watch screen is produced by LG Display. The same applies to Google's larger Pixel phone. iPhone X is Apple's first OLED phone, using Samsung technology. Mobile phone manufacturers adjust the screen according to their specifications, and Apple has calibrated the iPhone screen for years to ensure color accuracy. But this marks the first time Apple has designed its own end-to-end screen.
The secret program, code-named T159, is overseen by executive Lynn Youngs, who has helped develop the original iPhone and iPad touchscreens and is now responsible for overseeing iPhone and Apple Watch screen technologies.
The 62,000-square-foot manufacturing facility is Apple's first such facility, located on an inconspicuous street in Santa Clara, California, a 15-minute drive from Cupertino's Apple Orchard campus. There are also some other unmarked Apple offices. There, about 300 engineers are designing and producing MicroLED screens for future products. The facility also has a special area for the complex process of "growing" LEDs.
Another nearby factory has the technology to handle so-called LED transmission: the process of placing individual pixels into the MicroLED screen. In 2014, Apple acquired the startup LuxVue, which inherited the intellectual property of the process.
About a year after the acquisition, Apple opened a display research laboratory in Taiwan (known internally as the "Technology Center"). In testing whether the company was able to implement internal display manufacturing tests, Taiwanese engineers first used Apple technology to build a small number of LCD screens. They assembled at the Santa Clara factory and converted it into an iPhone 7 prototype. Apple executives tested them and then let the show team move on to develop the Apple-designed MicroLED screen.
The complexity of manufacturing screen manufacturing facilities meant that it took Apple months to get the California plant into operation. Until recently, Apple engineers had more confidence in their ability to eventually replace screens from Samsung and other vendors.
December 14, 2015, Longtan Apple Building, Taiwan.
At the end of 2017, engineers were the first to successfully produce full-featured MicroLED screens for future Apple Watches; the company's goal was to first provide new technologies in its wearable computers. Although at least a few years away from the consumer - assuming the company decided to continue - the production of the functional MicroLED Apple Watch prototype is an important milestone for companies that used to design hardware from other companies.
The latest MicroLED Apple Watch prototype is not a fully operational wearable device; the screen portion is connected to an external computer board. According to one person who has seen them, the screen is much brighter than current OLED watch displays, and engineers have better control over individual colors. Executives have recently approved continued development over the next two years with the goal of shipping MicroLED screens in their products.
People say that this technology can't be used on the iPhone for at least three to five years. Although the smartphone is Apple's cash cow, Apple Watch first appeared a precedent for new screen technology. When launched in 2014, the Apple Watch has an OLED screen. The technology eventually moved to iPhone X last year.
Creating a MicroLED screen is very complicated. They can contain millions of pixels depending on the size of the screen. Each has three sub-pixels: red, green, and blue. Each micro LED must be created and calibrated separately. Each piece comes from the so-called “donor wafer†and is then transferred to the MicroLED screen in large quantities. In the process, Apple purchased the wafers from third-party manufacturers such as Epistar Corp. and Osram Licht AG, but has since “growded†its own LEDs to make internal donor wafers. The growth process was completed in the clean room of the Santa Clara factory.
The factory's engineers are also assembling the prototype MicroLED screen, just to connect the screen to the glass. The backplane is the basic component of the electronic display and was developed by the Taiwan factory. Apple is also designing its own thin-film transistors and screen drivers, which are key components of display components. Currently, the Santa Clara facility is capable of simultaneously producing a handful of fully operational Apple Watch (diagonal 2 inches or less) MicroLED screens.
Until MicroLED is ready for the world to see, Apple will still -- at least in public -- push all-in OLEDs. The company plans to launch a second OLED phone in the fall, a 6.5-inch giant phone, and is working hard to expand Samsung's OLED production, including LG.
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