Using wireless technology to reduce medical expenses
ON World's August 2008 report ("Wireless Sensor Networks for Healthcare") concluded that by 2012, the use of WSN worn on the body can save the healthcare industry $ 25 billion. So it is not surprising that the healthcare system has this desire. Moreover, if the prediction of the increase in chronic patients is correct, the savings may be more. However, even with such obvious advantages economically, wireless technology is not currently used to monitor health. The question is why not?
Medical institutions urgently need practical wireless devices for health monitoring, so that patients can wear it and live normally at home. The wireless sensor network (WSN) worn on the body uses a low-cost, interoperable, ultra-low power (ULP) wireless sensor that is not interfered with, which is connected to a real-time display, such as a watch, and then connected to a computer at home Computer, and the computer is connected to the Internet. With this innovative wireless sensor network, patients do not have to be hospitalized or can shorten their stay, but they can still keep in constant contact with their hospitals.
Get healthcare into your home
Sending patients out of the hospital is not only good for the budget of the healthcare organization. Patients recovering from their own homes are also beneficial to themselves. They know that it is safe. If there are any problems, the doctor will immediately know. People who are newly ill will also benefit because the possibility of finding a bed in a hospital is greater. In addition, the number of nursing services in the community can be reduced because nurses do not have to go around to do routine measurements, such as blood pressure measurement, pulse measurement, and blood glucose measurement.
Moreover, it is also good for the "ageing" population. Traditionally, when the elderly are very weak, they leave their homes and go to nursing homes. Unfortunately, this decision is usually made in the interests of the authorities, not in the interests of individuals, because it is much easier to monitor the health of the elderly collectively in an institution rather than in their own homes—although more expensive. This means "encouraging" healthier and capable seniors to leave their homes, although they do not want to. With wireless monitoring, health care institutions can be highly alert to the health of the elderly, while allowing them to stay at home for as long as possible. This method can greatly reduce costs and patients will be happier. Wireless sensors can be used to monitor vital signs, and can also know things like whether an elderly person has fallen. Bluetooth technology meets challenges
Advanced wireless technology is now widely used in almost all departments, but the medical department is the obvious exception. If you consider the strict requirements of the medical community, this may not be surprising. The medical profession makes these requirements because it is necessary to ensure that the selected technology does not increase the risk of user health and is completely reliable. So, for a wireless technology, what needs to be done to meet the challenges of medical monitoring? Interoperability-the need for an open standard, which is extremely important, so that products from different manufacturers can communicate with each other; sensors-need to be accurate , Reliable and simple pairing, can be plug and play, and the function can be automatically restored; Ultra low power consumption (ULP), long battery life-the sensor requires a low power RF radio communication system, a simple protocol, with a button The battery can run for months or even years; the system and equipment are safe-the transmission data must be safe and secure, and the confidentiality of medical data is kept; the transmission network-the sensor needs to communicate with the Internet and mobile phone network to be able to transmit information Healthcare personnel in the distance; there are compelling application examples for adoption-medical institutions are very conservative and need a compelling reason for them to adopt new technologies.
Bluetooth low energy technology meets all these requirements. For example, its protocol stack is very small, so the current consumed by the radio communication system when sending or receiving is extremely low (and can enter a "sleep" state that requires only a few nanoamperes), and Bluetooth low energy technology supports AES encrypted wireless Communication. In addition, Bluetooth low energy technology is an open standard to ensure that sensors from different manufacturers quickly and easily establish communication. Because Bluetooth low energy technology is built on the basis of Bluetooth wireless technology, it is easy to form a personal area network (PAN), which includes several sensors, such as measuring arrhythmia, blood pressure and oxygen content, and a "host" The device communicates.
Bluetooth low energy technology
Bluetooth low energy technology is optimized for power consumption and cost, providing a compact, low-cost, ultra-low power (ULP) transceiver for PUID (Personal User Interface Device, such as watch) sensors for sports, health and wellness , Remote control, close range detection, mobile phone accessories and human-machine interface equipment (HID) products. More importantly, Bluetooth low energy technology is an open standard. Many manufacturers are encouraged to produce such chips to ensure that there are many channels for supply, and these are the requirements of health authorities.
According to the tentative figures of the Bluetooth technology alliance's single-mode Bluetooth low energy consumption chip, it has two characteristics to meet the requirements of health monitoring wireless sensors for ultra-low energy consumption: the requirement for maximum current is not high and the bandwidth is relatively wide. The Bluetooth Alliance says that when the transmit power is 0dBm, the maximum current consumed by this chip is less than 15mA (according to the authority ’s power limit for the 2.4GHz band without licenses, which is sufficient for a distance of 10m), which is slightly lower when receiving At 15mA.
In addition, the Bluetooth Technology Alliance stated that the bandwidth of Bluetooth low energy chips is 1 Mbit / s. This bandwidth is carefully selected because years of experience with ultra-low-power patented technology in the field shows that for applications targeted by Bluetooth low energy wireless technology, 1Mbit / s is the best trade-off result for bandwidth. The trade-off is between the transmit power and the duty cycle. The transmit power increases with the increase of the bandwidth; under a certain amount of data, the duty cycle decreases with the increase of the bandwidth. For example, when the Bluetooth low energy chip operates at a speed of 1 Mbit / s, the transmission time working at a maximum current of 15 mA is only a quarter of a typical IEEE 802.15.4 radio communication device operating at 250 kbit / s and a transmission current of 28 mA , You can send the same amount of data.
If it has not been operated for a long time, its RF transceiver enters deep sleep mode, which can further reduce the power consumption of the wireless sensor. Although the number of Bluetooth low energy sleep mode has not yet been published, a comparison with Nordic Semiconductor ’s patented ultra-low power radio frequency technology shows that it consumes dozens of microamps in the “standby†state and in deep sleep (or “shutdown†"State), may consume 900 nanoans. Such a small power consumption is enough for two AA batteries to last for months or years.
The Bluetooth low energy chip can, for example, wake up every 10ms, listen to whether there is a signal (consumption of about 15 mA in a short time), and then return to deep sleep, the current consumption remains at The average is only tens of microamps. Pass the data to the doctor
The advantage of Bluetooth low energy technology over other wireless technologies is how to transmit the data generated by the sensor to the doctor. This is because the sensor can directly communicate with the ubiquitous Bluetooth chip of the mobile phone. The mobile phone can be used as a host for the personal LAN specially designed for the human body to ensure that the communication is carried out safely. Most importantly, almost everyone has a mobile phone.
Mobile phones have computing power, which means that sensors can send "raw" data-because mobile phones can do whatever calculations are needed-which simplifies their design and saves power. Mobile phones can store data and monitor whether vital signs are within prescribed limits. If there is a problem, the mobile phone will automatically send a warning signal to the doctor's mobile phone via SMS.
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