How do 3-cylinder turbocharged engines stand out in three dimensions: multiple, fast, and provincial?
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In today's world automotive industry, there are two trends in power systems that cannot be shaken. One is the new energyization that is in the ascendant, and the other is the popularity of small-displacement turbocharged engines. Perhaps a few stubborn people still miss the so-called smooth output and reliability in the natural inhalation era. As a technical house, we firmly believe that a good turbocharged engine can impress consumers. The technical houses are even more convinced that in the face of technological development, all problems are solved.
Automobile manufacturers are vigorously developing turbocharging technology, the purpose of which is to increase the intake air quantity and improve the engine's power performance under the limited displacement of the engine. However, early turbocharging technology did have many problems, such as turbo lag, turbine life, low combustion efficiency, etc., and the impression that was passed down from then on that turbocharged power was enough to power the engine. A shot of stimulant was used instead of a tonic for those small displacement engines.
1.2 THP engine said that in the natural inhalation era, displacements of 1.0L, 1.2L, etc. are commonplace, even three-cylinder machines already exist, but because the power is too weak, the role of small displacement has not played out, only The K-Car, which is a Japanese space, is willing to use it, and is therefore considered a relatively low-end power option. In the eyes of European and American manufacturers, even the A00 class car must have at least 4 cylinders to pass.
With the increasingly stringent emission regulations and the development of new technologies, once a small displacement turbocharged is something that you can't even think about. Now it is no longer just a tonic, with a competitive naturally aspirated engine. The strength and absolute advantage. Even the fate of the 3-cylinder machine is reversed, and 3-cylinder turbocharging is no longer impossible.
A small "metal snail" gives the three-cylinder engine more, faster, and saves three magic weapons. 3-cylinder turbocharged, in addition to BMW's latest generation of B38 engines, another thing worth mentioning is the French PSA Group's popular 1.2THP engine. As the benchmark of technical performance in the same class, this engine won the International Engine of the Year in two consecutive years in 2015 and 2016, so we may wish to talk about 3-cylinder turbocharged with 1.2THP as an example. How the engine stands out in three dimensions: multiple, fast and provincial.
"Province" is the first
Let me talk about the "province" that the average consumer cares most and understands best. The province we are talking about here not only saves fuel consumption, but also includes its manufacturing costs, which will eventually be reflected in the form of car prices.
For this 1.2THP, in addition to the already popular turbocharged + direct fuel injection technology, another key is its three-cylinder structure. In fact, anyone who knows a little about the common sense of the engine can understand that the three-cylinder engine is subject to the physical structure of the vibration and noise control, and it is difficult to achieve the smoothness of the four-cylinder engine. However, why do BMWs and PSAs also develop three-cylinder turbochargers? In fact, from the perspective of single-cylinder volume, the three-cylinder engine has an optimal thermal efficiency. The same as 1.2T, the thermal efficiency of the three cylinders is definitely higher than the four cylinders. The most intuitive result of high thermal efficiency is fuel economy, which is why the C4L 1.2THP integrated fuel consumption can reach 5.4 liters.
In addition, the engine structure is more compact due to the elimination of one cylinder. According to the performance and technical content of 1.2THP, it should be very difficult to achieve the price range of 1.6L. However, Citroen is using this 1.2THP to counter the price of competing products of 1.6L. From this perspective, The cost of doing so can be related to the lower manufacturing costs associated with its three-cylinder structure.
Power "more" and more good
In terms of power performance, the Citroé¾™n 1.2THP engine is not only worse than the Volkswagen EA211 1.4TSI engine, and 1.2THP has an obvious advantage in power output compared with the Volkswagen 1.2TSI with the same displacement. However, although it is also named "THP", this 1.2THP engine and PSA's 1.6THP and 1.8THP still have a big difference. From the structure, craftsmanship and design, this 1.2THP engine has more unique features.
As we said before, due to the structural characteristics of the four-stroke piston engine, the 3-cylinder machine cannot automatically balance the vibration like the 4-cylinder machine, so the 1.2THP engine is not as simple as removing one cylinder on the 1.6THP four-cylinder engine. In order to improve the smoothness of the operation, the engineer added a special balance shaft on the side of the 1.2THP engine to counteract the vibration generated by the crankshaft. At the same time, the dual mass flywheel is used to reduce the unevenness of the engine power output, thereby reducing the engine running time. Unbalanced performance.
1.2THP engine 200 bar high pressure fuel direct injection technology Since the engine displacement is only 1.2 liters, to push a metal turbine, it is necessary to require a smaller turbine size and a lighter structure to reduce its moment of inertia and achieve a supercharge of 240,000 rpm. High speed, combined with 200 bar high pressure fuel direct injection technology, the throttle response is significantly improved. The hysteresis in the initial stage of the turbine engine is significantly relieved at 1.2THP, making its dynamic response very linear and retaining high power. Under the premise of output, it is closer to the feeling of naturally aspirated engine. Therefore, the 1.2 kW 100 kW power output also dares to compete with the 1.8-2.0 liter naturally aspirated engine. The peak torque of 230 Nm is the level that was previously available in the 2.4-liter naturally aspirated engine.
Thinking about "fast" and slow
Racing legend Colin Chapman has such a famous influence on the world - Adding power makes you faster on the straights. Subtracting weight makes you faster everywhere. Increased power can increase linear speed, lighter weight can make you anywhere Faster. According to official data, Citroen's 1.2THP engine is 6.2 kilograms lighter than the previous 1.6-liter naturally aspirated engine cylinder head and 3.8 kilograms lighter, thanks not only to the application of all-aluminum cylinders and cylinder heads, but also It has a direct relationship with the miniaturized structure of the three cylinders. At the same time, the 1.2THP began to intervene at an ultra-low speed of 1000 rpm. The 1500 rpm reached a torque output of 200 Nm and the peak torque of 230 Nm at 1750 rpm. This has the advantage that it can always be used in the city where the city starts frequently. One step ahead.
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