On December 28, 2015, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Ministry of Science and Technology issued five new national standards for charging interfaces and communication protocols for electric vehicles. The standards will come into effect on January 1, 2016.
This national standard is guided by the enterprises led by the State Grid and Putian New Energy. The five general requirements issued mainly include the charging standards, interface standards, and communication protocols of the charging pile industry. So far, the domestic electric vehicle charging interface and communication protocol have a unified standard.
The revised GB/T18481.1 and GB/T27930 focus on the safety and compatibility of charging, and increase the safety isolation protection, charging temperature control, mechanical lock and electronic lock linkage, overload and short circuit protection of charging piles. The charging control guidance and timing, fault classification information, redundancy protection and the like are improved, and the adaptability and operability of the standard are improved.
The conductive AC charging pile is a dedicated power supply device for supplying AC power to an electric vehicle having an in-vehicle charger. In early 2016, the state issued new standards for charging piles. This article focuses on some of the technical requirements of the new national standard for AC charging piles and recommends a typical power solution.
First, the new national standard requirements for AC charging pilesAt the end of 2015, the state issued GB/T 20234.1-2015, GB/T 20234.2-2015, GB/T 18487.1-2015 and other standards. Compared with the previous version, the new national standard has modified and added some requirements for AC charging piles. For example, the charging current of the AC charging post is changed from “not exceeding 32A†to “not exceeding 63Aâ€; for example, in terms of vehicle interface and power supply interface: when the AC charging current is greater than 16A, the power supply interface and the vehicle interface should be With locking function, the locking function should meet the relevant requirements of GB/T20234.1-2015.
In addition, considering the environment and EMC characteristics of the charging pile, the performance of the internal auxiliary power supply in this respect is consistent with the requirements of the whole machine. The environmental conditions and electromagnetic compatibility are simply listed as follows:
1.1 Environmental conditions
Working environment temperature: -20 ° C ~ +50 ° C;
Relative humidity: 5% to 95%;
Altitude ≤ 2000m;
In special circumstances, the use of the charger should be negotiated between the manufacturer and the user;
The place of use must not have explosive atmospheres, and there are no harmful gases and conductive media that are corrosive and destructive.
1.2 Electromagnetic compatibility
Electrostatic discharge immunity: The charger should be able to withstand the ESD immunity test of Class 3 specified in Chapter 5 of GB/T 17626.2-2006. The contact discharge test voltage is 6KV and the air discharge test voltage is 8KV.
Radio frequency electromagnetic field radiation immunity: The charger should be able to withstand the RF electromagnetic field radiated immunity test of Class 3 specified in Chapter 5 of GB/T 17626.3-2006, with a frequency range of 80~1000MHz and a test field strength of 10V/m. , sine wave 1 kHz, 80% amplitude modulation;
Electrical fast transient burst immunity: The charger should be able to withstand the electrical fast transient burst immunity test of class 3 specified in Chapter 5 of GB/T 17626.4-2008, test voltage at the input and output ports 2KV, repetition rate 5kHz and 100kHz;
Surge (shock) immunity: The charger should be able to withstand the surge (impact) immunity test of class 3 specified in Chapter 5 of GB/T 17626.5-2008, line-line: 1KV, line- Ground: 2KV;
Voltage sag, short-term interruption immunity test: AC charging pile under working condition, according to the provisions of GB/T 17626.11, test voltage level 0%~70%, test 3 times;
For the immunity test, the criteria for the determination are as follows:
Class A: AC charging piles can work normally during and after the test, and there should be no malfunction, damage, crash or reset phenomenon, and data collection should be accurate;
Class B: During the test, the AC charging pile may have short-term communication interruption and liquid crystal display instantaneous flash screen. Other functions and performances should be normal. No manual intervention is required after the test. The AC charging pile should be able to recover by itself, and all retained data should not be lost. .
Second, the power solution recommendedThere is a certain difference in the requirements of the power supplies required for the various load components inside the charging pile. Below, the recommended common power supply method is as shown in Figure 1:
The control part recommends Jinshengyang isolated AC/DC power supply module LH10-10C0512-02. The power module can output three power supplies, output +5V to the digital control circuit and the GPRS communication module and the small-sized display unit; the output ±12V supplies power to the control-guided CP. The isolated AC/DC power module LH20-10B12 outputs 12V voltage, which mainly supplies power to the relay unit and the electronic lock.
The TD501D485H isolated transceiver module is recommended for the entire charging station communication part. The product is a 5V power supply 485 communication isolation module, which can realize 485 communication isolation of the meter (electric meter) inside the charging pile, transfer the power data information to the main control circuit, calculate the electricity fee and other information, and then pass GPRS. The information is transmitted to the device such as the main station.
Of course, the electronic lock power supply can also be integrated in the same module. Because the power required by the electronic lock is transient power, the remaining power can be supplied to the entire main control device during normal operation. A typical application scheme is shown in Figure 2 below:
In addition to the main power supply, the scheme adopts the WRA1212S-3WR2 module to implement isolated power supply in the CP control signal. At the same time, in the display data transmission, the RS232 signal is isolated by the TD501D232H isolated transceiver module. Effectively avoiding the display being disturbed by bursts and the like.
Third, the design descriptionThe two recommended solutions mentioned above have three main benefits in terms of design:
First, the auxiliary power supply design is relatively simple. Voltage requirements can be flexibly matched to meet different load voltage requirements in the system, such as 12V, 5V, ±12V voltage requirements;
Second, EMC immunity is high. The above recommended Jinshengyang LH series AC/DC power supply module can achieve the EMC immunity requirement of the national standard for charging piles without adding too much peripheral circuit, and simplify the peripheral parameters in circuit design.
Third, the module power supply has the advantages of miniaturization, uniform heat dissipation, etc. At the same time, the module power supply contains electronic potting material inside. In the charging pile machine for IP protection, the key auxiliary power supply part requirements will not be so high.
Four: How can we meet the new national standard safety requirements for charging piles?Why should charging piles pay attention to isolation protection? Charging piles are often placed outdoors, powered by the power grid, and occasionally encounter voltage anomalies such as lightning strikes and surges. If the internal control circuit is not isolated, it will cause the internal circuit to burn out, resulting in a dangerous event such as short circuit of the charging pile or death of the human body. In the new national standard, the surge (impact) immunity of the charging pile is clearly defined: the charger should be able to withstand the surge of the test level of 3 in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 5 of B/T 17626.5-2008. ) Immunity test.
How to do the isolation protection of the charging pile?
How can we meet the safety requirements of the new national standard for charging piles?
Why should charging piles pay attention to isolation protection? Charging piles are often placed outdoors, powered by the power grid, and occasionally encounter voltage anomalies such as lightning strikes and surges. If the internal control circuit is not isolated, it will cause the internal circuit to burn out, resulting in a dangerous event such as short circuit of the charging pile or death of the human body. In the new national standard, the surge (impact) immunity of the charging pile is clearly defined: the charger should be able to withstand the surge of the test level of 3 in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 5 of B/T 17626.5-2008. ) Immunity test.
How to do the isolation protection of the charging pile?
According to the National Development and Reform Commission's plan, the State Grid expects that by 2020, the total demand for charging piles will reach 200 billion yuan, which will bring good development opportunities for charging pile manufacturing enterprises. Compared with DC charging piles, AC charging piles will occupy a large part of the market share due to their relatively low cost, which will bring a peak period of development to the power industry.
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