The last step in technology is to use satellites to connect metropolitan and inter-city quantum communication networks.
Since the introduction of quantum theory by Max Planck in 1900, more than 100 years have passed, but scientists have still not been able to fully understand the quantum entanglement of this "ghost" physical phenomenon.
Nevertheless, after the quantum entanglement phenomenon has been confirmed, quantum computing, quantum cryptography, quantum communication, and even sci-fi technical applications such as instantaneous movement have been proposed.
Of all these imaginings, quantum communication is recognized as one of the closest applications to humans. Due to the uncertain nature of quantum entanglement, this future communication technology is favored for its “unassailable†security.
From the initial laboratory theory, to the hundreds of kilometers of quantum data transmission experiments, to the inter-city quantum communication network project that spans thousands of kilometers across Beijing and Shanghai, the scientists’ ideas about the global wide-area quantum communication network have become more and more The closer it is.
"Now, we are only the last step in technology," said Pan Jianwei, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a professor at the University of Science and Technology of China, using satellites to connect metropolitan and inter-city quantum communication networks. "
"Ghost" quantum entanglement
To trace the origin of quantum communication, we must first understand its theoretical basis - quantum entanglement.
Because scientists have not yet analyzed the physics phenomenon is "how to produce", to explain the quantum entanglement scientifically and completely, in the short term may still be a solution.
Fortunately, scientists have basically figured out what quantum entanglement will happen. If you look at it from this level, then it can be described as a phenomenon in which the microscopic particles of two common sources are as long as they are in an entangled state, as long as the quantum of one particle (the smallest unit such as the photon of the microscopic physical world) A change will immediately affect the state of another particle.
This phenomenon is like the twins in the human world, and there is telepathy between them. And "the weird" is that no matter how far apart they are, even if a galaxies in the solar system are hundreds of thousands of light years away, this kind of induction will exist as long as they are in an entangled state.
This phenomenon touches the soul of classical physics. In classical physics, matter must always be connected through some kind of interaction, just like you can't pass a fishing rod without a fish line. Catch a fish.
More interestingly, if we make a coin, for example, if we want to make a coin, the basic premise is that we need to determine the template for making the coin, and then make a large-scale copy according to the template. But in the quantum world, this coin is "unsure". You can't measure it at all. Once you measure it, it will change in the next second and you can't copy it.
Goodbye "Prism Door"
Although there is no better explanation yet, the "uncertainty" of quantum entanglement is the basis for quantum communication.
If this feature is applied to communication technology, it is a natural means of secure communication.
Traditional communication technologies, such as telephone and internet, need to transmit information through wired or wireless terminals. Others should eavesdrop on your communication. Just copy the entire conversation process, even if the conversation is encrypted, just connect the password. Copy and decrypt it to a normal call.
Imagine what happens when the information and passwords in the communication are carried by quantum.
Due to the "uncertainty" of quantum entanglement, as long as someone intends to copy the eavesdropping information on the way, the state of "touching" changes, and the eavesdropper will only get a bunch of useless information. And as long as the status changes, the legal recipient of the information can immediately know that it has been touched.
In addition to "uncertainty", another characteristic of quantum communication is the "over-distance effect" of quantum entanglement, which is converted to quantum communication, that is, the "stealth transmission" characteristic of quantum communication.
Since quantum entanglement ignores distance, even two particles that are completely isolated have the same "mental induction." Therefore, the application of this feature to quantum communication enables the two-point communication process to be completed simultaneously in an instant, fundamentally eliminating the possibility of being intercepted by eavesdropping.
If you have this theoretically almost completely confidential communication technology, people can say goodbye to the eavesdropping program like "Prism Door".
The Chinese team that came from behind
The concept of quantum communication was first proposed by American scientist Bennett in 1993. After Bennett, six scientists from different countries, based on quantum entanglement theory, proposed a method combining classical physics with quantum physics. A scheme for realizing quantum teleportation.
This initial basic scheme believed that the unknown quantum state of a particle could be transferred to another location, and another particle could be prepared onto the quantum state while the original particle remained in place.
Because it can be superimposed with existing communication technologies, this solution became the basic solution for quantum communication. In the following 20 years, scientists and research teams from all over the world conducted a fierce competition for quantum teleportation, the longest transmission distance. The records were broken again and again.
It is worth mentioning that in this emerging field of competition, although China is a latecomer, the research progress has unexpectedly come to the forefront and reached the world's advanced level.
For example, as the leading figure in the field of quantum communication in China, Pan Jianwei's research team launched the construction of Quantum Communication Beijing-Shanghai trunk line in 2014.
The inter-city quantum communication network is more than 2,000 kilometers long and connects Beijing and Shanghai. It will be used to ensure the safe transmission of financial information between Beijing and Shanghai.
The application of metropolitan and inter-city quantum communication networks is not the ultimate goal of Pan Jianwei. In his view, the use of satellites to connect metropolitan and inter-city networks to build a global quantum communication network can truly reflect the significance of quantum communication technology. .
For this goal, Pan Jianwei has been preparing for many years. As early as 2005, Pan Jianwei's research team realized the 13-kilometer free-space quantum communication experiment in the world for the first time, confirming the possibility of star-ground quantum communication; in 2012, they realized the world's first free space of 100 kilometers. Quantum teleportation has laid the technical foundation for launching the world's first quantum communication satellite.
According to reports, in 2016, China will launch quantum science experimental satellites in Europe and the United States, making China the first country with quantum communication capabilities.
Although the subsequent large-scale application from experiment to real industrialization requires a lot of technical verification and cost accounting, in Pan Jianwei's view, as long as the quantum satellite is launched, China has already taken a big step in the world.
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