There are still many users of 2G cellular technology around the world - the technology still plays a vital role in machine-to-machine communication (M2M) and remote areas in many countries, and this situation will not change in a short time.
In the United States, AT&T, T-Mobile and Verizon, the three major telecom operators, have announced the date of termination of 2G services, but it is surprising that their strategies are very different.
AT&T Mobility confirmed in October last year that it will terminate 2G network services at the beginning of this year, and they did. Other agile carriers quickly said they would throw a "lifeline" for 2G users, the most positive of which is T-Mobile immediately announced that it can provide free SIM cards and tying services for AT&T's 2G network users.
T-Mobile, the third-largest carrier in the US, aims to absorb users and reach the goal of providing 50Mbytes of 2G per device per month by the end of the year, with the goal of adopting its new generation of 2G GSM optimized for efficient use of spectrum. Technology; optimization is achieved by translating a portion of the undisclosed spectrum into a 2G M2M link.
The company stressed: "This allows older GSM devices to work with newer LTE devices on most advanced US networks," at least 2020; for customers looking for longer-term network support, T-Mobile said 2G will be supported through the newly approved Category 1 LTE module.
These seem to be T-Mobile's efforts to strengthen the Internet of Things (IoT) business, and based on an agreement signed with French chipmaker Sequans last year to use the latter's LTE Cat1 technology to support M2M and IoT applications; Sequans' LTE Cat1 chipset platform is said to support very high throughput.
Although it is also known that 2G will eventually go to the end, T-Mobile will at least try to ensure that consumers can continue to use 2G to do business, while providing them with plenty of time to prepare for the transfer strategy.
At the same time, AT&T's competitor Verizon intends to terminate its CDMA1X (2G) network service by the end of 2019. Both the company and AT&T are preparing to offer Cat-1 alternatives for IoT using 2G networks; both companies also said they would A valuable spectrum that leverages HSPA 3G and 4G LTE technologies to more efficiently support emerging mobile broadband needs.
In all fairness, AT&T has done its utmost to make the customer's network transfer "painless". The company has already transferred about 6 million users to a faster network, but about 6 million users are still using 2G, most of which are It's an M2M application; this is not surprising, as the sensor and module lifecycle of the M2M network is much longer than the phone, and the cost of replacing the communication module is higher.
Although AT&T has provided users with detailed documentation and FAQs to ensure that their mobile communications needs are met throughout the transfer process, customers will eventually have to plan for hardware upgrades before the old network service is terminated.
Local small business people worry about not being able to serve users in remote areasTo decommission 2G networks, US telecom operators are facing two other problems: first, the impact on users in remote areas, and second, there are many small-scale local telecommunications operators in the United States relying on the complexity of the three major carriers. Roaming agreement.
Steven Berry, chief executive of the United States telecommunications industry organization CCA (CompeTITIve Carriers AssociaTIon), said in an interview with Fierce Wireless at the end of last year that many small regional telecommunications operators in the association felt that the 2G network terminated the service. concern.
He pointed out that these small businesses mainly serve remote areas, and it is a challenge to obtain signals in those areas; this means that telecom operators need to clarify how to operate the network, and also consider the strategic cooperation of providing roaming services to customers. Berry pointed out that regional network operators often provide better coverage for remote areas, and that small businesses have a symbiotic relationship with the three major US telecommunications operators and smaller peers.
What is the situation outside the US?Telecom operators in other parts of the world face similar challenges, but the response strategies are quite different.
Singapore also has three major telecom operators Singtel Mobile, M1 and StarHub Mobile, all intending to terminate 2G network services in April this year; most telecom operators in Japan and South Korea have terminated 2G networks. Australian telecommunications operators Telstra and Optus have terminated 2G network services by the end of 2016; both companies and other Australian telecom operators have announced that they will move M2M customers to the LTE network as soon as possible.
The pace of European countries seems to be somewhat slow, and many local carriers have even said that their 3G networks will be terminated earlier than 2G networks; a recent study by the GSM Association (GSMA) predicts that 15% will be in Europe by 2020. Honeycomb links other than M2M still use 2G networks, but the ratio is only 5% in the United States.
According to the GSMA's telecom operator survey, half of European operators said they plan to terminate 3G networks earlier than terminating 2G networks, while only a quarter of operators said they will replace 2G services with 3G or LTE in the near future. Sixty percent expect LTE to phase out 3G in the short or medium term.
Among the major European telecom operators, the UK's EE, the Netherlands' KPN, Orange and Vodafone all said that "old age" 2G technology may continue to live with 4G for a long time, while 3G will be in voice, with M2M applications. The center's 2G, as well as data-centric alternative technologies such as LTE, are in an awkward position.
Vodafone recently said that the company will continue to operate 2G networks in the UK for a period of time after 2020, and perhaps by 2025, based on the needs of its M2M and emerging IoT application customers.
Andy Sutton, chief network architect at EE in the UK, said that from the perspective of roaming, 2G is the "adhesive" that combines the world of mobile communications, and 2G is already the preferred solution for M2M networks, connecting millions of people. Telemetry based on long time contracts.
He pointed out that it is quite reasonable to restructure some of the 1800MHz spectrum to operate 4G while still maintaining part of the 2G network, whether from a technical or commercial point of view. On the whole, we will see more spectrum re-engineering and the situation of “multi-generational†mobile communication technology in one spectrum.
Compilation: Judith Cheng
(Reference: 2G Sunset a Slow Burn, by John Walko)
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